Reaction Kinetics: how experimental conditions influence the speed of a reaction and yield information
Mass balance:
accumulation of species i = inlet flow of speices i — outlet flow of species i + generation of speices i
The molar flow rate changes in the reactor, while the mass flow rate is constant.
Catalyzed with homogenous or solid catalysts and uncatalyzed reactions:
Equipment:
- Stirred tanks, single or in series
2. Tubular reactors, single or in parallel
3. Reactors filled with solid particles, inert or catalytic: Fixed bed, Moving bed und Fluidizing bed: the catalyst life must also be taken into account.
A fluidized bed reactor is a type of reactor device that can be used to carry out a variety of multiphase chemical reactions. In this type of reactor, a fluid (gas or liquid) is passed through a solid granular material (usually a catalyst) at high enough speeds to suspend the solid and cause it to behave as though it were a fluid.
Moving bed reactors: are reactors in which the catalytic material flows along with the reactants and is then separated from the exit stream and recycled.
Operating modes:
- Batch
- Continous flow
- Semibatch
Loop reactor:
A loop reactor is a continuous steel tube or pipe which connects the outlet of a circulation pump to its inlet. Reactants are fed into the loop where the reaction occurs, and the product is withdrawn from the loop. Loop reactors are used in place of batch stirred tank reactors in a variety of applications including polymerization. A loop reactor is typically much smaller than a batch reactor producing the same amount of product. Mass transfer is often the rate-limiting step in gas — liquid reactions, and a loop reactor design increases mass transfer, while reducing reactor size and improving process yields
How to calculate the temperature of a bed after the reaction?
- The kinetic of reaction
- Reaction constants
- Stochiometry
